HOW TO TATTOO 101

Table of Contents

Sl No.	Topic	Page
01.	Introduction to Tattooing	2
02.	What’s Tattoos?	4
03.	A Brief Tattoo History	5
04.	Applying a Tattoo	8
05.	The Tattoo Process	9
06.	Early and Modern Tattooing Methods	11
07.	The Tattoo Machine	13
08.	Styles of Tattoos	15
09.	Different styles of the alphabet both American and foreign	19
10.	How to Choose a Best Artist & Studio for Your Tattoo(s)?	23
11.	Choosing a Tattoo Design and Where to Apply It on Your Body?	25
12.	Are Tattoos Safe?	27
13.	What Risks Are Involved in Tattooing?	29
14.	Avoiding the Health Risks	32
15.	Caring for A New Tattoo	33
16.	Tattoos Removal	34
17.	Can All Tattoos Be Removed?	36
18.	Tattoos Removal Techniques	37
19.	How Do Lasers Remove Tattoos?	40
20.	Does Tattoo Removal Hurt?	41
21.	Inks Used in Tattooing	43
22.	How Much Does It Cost to Remove a Tattoo?	47
23.	Tattoo Myths and Lies	48
24.	Tattoos, Body Piercing & All Other Forms of Body Modification Art	51
25.	Famous Celebrities with Tattoos	52
26.	Temporary Tattoos	55
27.	Tattoos: FAQ	57
28.	Testimonials of Tattoo Collectors	59

1. Introduction to Tattooing

Many people think tattooing, body piercing and other forms of body art as prohibited thing rather than artistic creations. They are thought to be suitable for lower strata of society like convicts, gang members, freaks and all those individuals audacious enough to disobey nature in an attempt to alter it.

However, the acceptance of body art has grown more over the last 10 years than any other time in history and is now becoming quite conventional. As the hippies of the late 60s became the leaders of the 90s, often flaunting their tattooed and pierced bodies, our society has become more at ease and receptive to alternative art forms.

Many young people today do not realize that they may be sorry in the future that they chose to put tattoos on their bodies today.  Many people say that they wish they had not been foolish enough when they were young as now they must live with the reminder of what they did when they were young.  Only a few people have the money to have them removed by laser.

At the other hand, a great tattoo gets smiles and tête-à-tête and a bad tattoo fetches regrets and more cost. Tattoos are like the people that wear them, large, small, all shapes and sizes. A great deal of the time they represent a certain part of their life, and have a story behind the tattoo, like a souvenir of a place, person, or thing. Tattoos are not new, they date back to prehistoric man and they were also used to identify tribes. Tattoos are a personal testimonial made by you as an individual.

Custom tattooing, like freehand drawing without a stencil, is increasingly getting popular with customers, especially those with several tattoos on their body. Today, the art of tattoo is a combination of tribal designs, abstract pieces, and original compositions. Many tattoo artists are divided into specialties or styles like- Tribal, Irezumi, Celtic, etc. or certain body parts like neck tattooing, arm tattooing, etc. Tattoo as an art is displayed in galleries around the world and celebrated at popular shows, where tattoo artists vie for prizes and acknowledgment.

The art of tattooing may mean different things to different people and cultures.

(1) Superstition:

Since ancient times, it has been one of the common reasons among people to acquire tattoos on their bodies. During his visit to Tahiti in 1769, Sir James Banks wrote: “What can be a sufficient inducement to suffer so much pain is difficult to say; not one Indian (though I have asked hundreds) would ever give me the least reason for it; possibly superstition may have something to do with it. Nothing else in my opinion could be a sufficient cause for so apparently absurd a custom.” (Courtesy: Tattoo History- A Source Book, by Stephen G. Gilbert).

(2) Decoration:

In the early days, decoration used to be the most common reason for tattooing. It still holds true for the modern age.

(3) Identification:

In some societies, tattoos served as an identification of the wearer’s rank or status in a group. In the early Roman era slaves and criminals were given a distinct identity by tattooing on their body.

(4) Rites of passage:

Tahitian tattoos served as rites of passage, telling the history of the wearer’s life.

(5) While Achieving a Milestone in Life:

Boys who attained manhood received one tattoo to mark the occasion, while men had another style done when they married.

(6) As a Souvenir:

Sailors traveling to exotic foreign lands began to collect tattoos as souvenirs of their journeys.

2. What’s Tattoos?

A tattoo is a permanent mark or design made on the body when pigment is inserted into the dermal layer of the skin through ruptures in the skin’s top layer. Contemporary tattoos are applied by using an electric tattoo machine with needles that rapidly puncture the skin with an up and down motion something like that of a sewing machine.

The word tattoo comes from the Tahitian word ‘tattau’, which means “to mark,” and was first mentioned in explorer James Cook’s records from his 1769 expedition to the South Pacific. Captain Cook first used a derivation of this term in 1771 on a narrative of his voyages to New Zealand and Tahiti.

3. A Brief Tattoo History

Tattooing as an art form can be traced back to prehistoric times. In October, 1991, a five thousand year old (dating from about 3300 B.C.) tattooed man made the headlines of newspapers all over the world. The frozen body of a hunter dating from the Bronze Age was found buried in a glacier on a mountain between Austria and Italy. The astonishingly preserved skin on the hunter’s back and knees showed what seemed to look like tattoos. He had, it appears that, been hunting and was caught in a snowstorm as he tried to return to his dwelling. By the side of the body were clothing, a bow and arrows, a bronze ax and flint for making fire. These markings represent the earliest known evidence of the tattooing practice. Tattoos found on Egyptian and Nubian mummies date from about 2000 B.C.

This is the only body of a Bronze Age man found in a glacier, and certainly the best preserved corpse of that period ever found. The skin bears several tattoos: a cross on the inside of the left knee, six straight lines 15 centimeters long above the kidneys and numerous parallel lines on the ankles. The position of the tattoo marks hints that they were possibly applied for therapeutic reasons.

Instruments that were probably used for tattooing during the Upper Paleolithic (10,000 BC to 38,000 BC) have been discovered at several archaeological sites in Europe. Characteristically these instruments consist of a disk made of clay and red ochre jointly with sharp bone needles that are inserted into holes in the top of the disk. The disk provided as a reservoir and source of pigment, and the needles were exercised to pierce the skin. Clay and stone figures with engraved designs which in all probability symbolize tattooing have been found along with such instruments.

But before the frozen mummy of the Neolithic hunter was discovered, excavations of archeological sites across Egypt had acquiesced clay dolls with tattoo marks, as well as female mummies displaying patters of dots and lines over their bodies. Of these, the mummy of Amunet, a priestess of the goddess Hathor, found at Thebes is one of the most prominent found in the recent times. Egyptian tattoos were generally associated with the erotic, sensuous facet of life, and were by and large performed by women.

From Egypt, the art of tattooing traveled across the world to Southern China, Burma, Japan, the Philippines, Borneo and the Pacific Islands.

The Polynesians developed ‘moko’ a new method of tattooing based on religious patterns and taboo designs, which helped to increase the awareness of this art among people. The tattooing patterns employed were pointer to social ranks, family and tribal loyalty. This traditional tribal tattoo style is still prevalent in Borneo.

The tattoo cult also moved north from Egypt. The Greeks adopted tattoo marks for their spies while the Roman resorted to it for their criminals and slaves. We can also see examples of tattooing among the Gauls, Picts of Scotland and Teutons. The Danes and Saxons (who later on invaded the British Isles) used to pride in having family crests and tribal marking tattooed on their skin.

It is still not known how the art of tattooing reached America, although, it was prevalent during the civilization of the Mayas, Aztecs and Incas. It was considered an elaborate religious practice during this civilization.

The early inhabitants of Mexico and Peru were also familiar with the practice of tattooing.

In America, tattooing experienced a revival during the Civil War. Martin Hildebrandt, a German and one of the first professional tattoo artists, traveled to America in 1846. He set up shop in Boston, where he regularly tattooed the emblems of the Confederacy and the Union on soldiers belonging to the armies of rivals General Grant and General Lee. At the beginning of the 20th century, tattoo studios began springing up in the United States. By the time of World War II, it became part of the expression for sailors, soldiers and other military personnel.

The Ainu people had introduced the cult of tattooing in Japan. The people adopted this art mainly for the ornamental reason and not for religious or magical beliefs. The Japanese tattooists, better known as the Horis, developed a style characterized by the beauty of designs, expression and colors. In modern Japan, tattooing is seen as an art of the subversive society, adapted only by gang members and criminals.

Tattooing was rediscovered by Europeans when exploration brought them into contact with Polynesians and American Indians. For the reason that tattoos were considered so out of the ordinary in European and U.S. societies, tattooed Indians and Polynesians drew big crowds at circuses and fairs during the 18th and 19th centuries.

4.  Applying a Tattoo

While applying a tattoo the main emphasis is on safety,

since any puncture wound — and that’s what a tattoo machine is doing to your skin- holds the potential for infection and disease transmit.

The only good enough method of sterilization for killing every living micro-organism is an autoclave. Most tattoo materials like inks, ink cups, gloves and needles — are used only once to eliminate the possibility of contamination of materials. All other reusable materials, such as the needle bar and the tube, must be completely hygienic, put into special pouches and sterilized in the autoclave. Other equipment includes razors and plastic barriers (bags). Razors are used for shaving the skin, since hair clogs up the tubes and hinders application while plastic barriers are used on spray bottles, clip cords and tattoo machines to prevent cross-contamination.

Before proceeding, the tattoo artist should wash his hands and check for cuts/scratches. He should put on fresh gloves and make the work area disinfected. The general method to be pursued by tattoo artist is as follows:

1.     Explain the procedure of tattooing to the client.

2.     Clarify to client the process of sterilization.

3.     Spray bottles to be covered with plastic bag.

1. The tattoo area should be shaved and disinfected with antiseptic.
2. Open single-service sterilized equipment in front of client.

How much does a tattoo cost?

The cost of tattoo may vary from $50 to$100 for a one inch tattooed area. Custom tattoos are likely to be more expensive, as are bigger designs that cover large areas of the body. Prices for these more elaborate applications may differ according to the market. In comparison to this, tattoo removal is considerably more expensive.

05. The Tattoo Process

How long the tattoo process takes depends on the individual style of the artist and the complexity of the tattoo design. A custom piece can take multiple hours and require a number of visits to the tattoo studio.

If you are thinking about getting your first tattoo, but are unknown with the process, the thought might meet you with anticipation. Fear of the unfamiliar can sometimes hold one back from doing things one really wants to do. One might be concerned that it will hurt too much or might be apprehensive that one wouldn’t know if the artist was doing something wrong.

The best thing you can do is educate yourself on the process of the tattoo application, and that way you will be prepared and know what to expect when you sit in the artist’s chair.

So, let’s try to know how the human skin is transformed into a beautiful work of art.

How is a tattoo applied to the skin?

(1) Cleansing of the body area to be tattooed: Now it is time for the preparation. The area of your body you have chosen for your tattoo will be cleaned, usually with rubbing alcohol. Then, any hair will be removed from the area by shaving it with a new disposable razor which will be discarded after being used. The particular body area will be cleaned again to make sure it is smooth and ready for the transfer.

(2) Outline by a stencil or free hand drawing for a custom tattoo: With the outline (stencil) of the tattoo in place or the outline of a custom tattoo drawn by hand onto the skin, the actual tattooing begins. Most studios today use a wonderful machine called a thermal-fax to make their stencils. This saves on hours of tracing time by simply inserting the tattoo design into the machine, and it transfers it onto a special thermal paper in seconds.

(3) Use of one single-tipped needle: Using one single-tipped needle, the artist starts at the bottom of the right-hand side and works up (lefties generally start on the left side), so the stencil won’t be lost when the artist cleans a permanent line. For single-needle work, a thinner black ink than that used for shading is used, because thinner ink can be easily wiped away from the skin without smearing.

(4) Use of tattooing machine: It is at this time that your artist will start preparing their tattoo machine. The inks will be placed in little tiny cups called “ink caps”, and the needles and tubes will be removed from their sterile pouches and placed in the machine. As this happens, the tattoo machine is buzzing and smooth clear lines start emerging as the needle pierces the skin, applies the ink and gradually lifts out of the skin in a steady motion. Clean, distilled water will be poured into a cup for cleaning the needles during the tattoo process and to change from one color to the next. In order to create clear lines and proper depth, the tattoo artist must understand how deep the needles actually need to go to produce a permanent line. Not going deep enough will create scratchy lines after healing, and going too deep will cause excessive pain and bleeding. Therefore, this is where the professionals show their mettle.

(5) Cleaning of the area: Once the outline is complete, the area is thoroughly cleaned with antiseptic soap and water. Then, the outline is thickened and shading is added. The tattoo artist will use a combination of needles. If this isn’t done correctly, shadowed lines, excessive pain and delayed healing will result. Again, everything must be autoclaved before use.

(6) Adding shading effects: Using a thicker, blacker ink, the artist goes over the outline creating an even, solid line. Shading creates special effects. Each tattoo artist works differently, depending upon his or her training and preference. Depending on the size of the tattoo, the artist may switch to a different set of needles called magnums which are designed for coloring and shading.

(7) Color Application: After the shading is done, the tattoo is cleaned again and is now ready for color. When applying color, the artist overlaps each line of color to ensure solid colors.

(8) The final round: The tattoo is again sprayed and cleaned and pressure is applied using a disposable towel to remove any blood and plasma excreted during the tattooing process. Some bleeding always occurs in tattooing, but under normal conditions, most stops within a few minutes after the tattoo is completed.

6.  Early and Modern Tattooing Methods

(A) Early Tattooing Methods
A remarkable variety of tattooing methods developed in

diverse cultures. In North and South America, many Indian tribes more often than not tattooed the body or the face by simple pricking, and some tribes in California introduced color into scratches.

Many tribes of the Arctic and sub-Arctic, mostly Inuit, and some people in eastern Siberia, made needle punctures through which a thread coated with pigment was drawn underneath the skin. In Polynesia and Micronesia, pigment was pricked into the skin by tapping on a tool shaped like a small rake.

The Maori people of New Zealand, who are world famous for their tattooing, applied their wood carving technique to tattooing. In the moko style of Maori tattooing, shallow, colored grooves in distinctive, complex designs were produced on the face and buttocks by striking a small bone-cutting tool, which was used for shaping wood, into the skin. After the Europeans arrived in the 1700s, the Maori began using the metal that settlers brought for a more conventional style of puncture tattooing.

The Maori had a custom of preserving the heads of their tattooed leaders after death as precious family possessions. Over time, they began to trade some of the heads to collectors for firearms and iron tools. This practice, which is why there are some of these heads in European museums, was short-lived because of the fighting and political turmoil it caused.

(B) Modern Tattooing

Now-a-days, tattoos are shaped by injecting ink into the skin. Injection is done by a needle attached to a hand-held device. The device moves the needle up and down at a rate of several hundred vibrations per minute and penetrates the skin by about one millimeter.

What we see when we look at a tattoo is the ink that’s left in the skin after the tattooing. The ink is not in the epidermis, which is the layer of skin that we see and the skin that gets replaced constantly, but instead blends together with cells in the dermis and shows through the epidermis.

The cells of the dermis are remarkably firm, so the tattoo’s ink will last, with minor fading and dispersion, as the years go by.

7. The Tattoo Machine

A tattoo machine involves a magnetic vibrator driving the needle up and down. The basic idea of the electrically powered tattoo machine is that a needle moves up and down like in a sewing machine, carrying ink into your skin in the process.

In 1876, Thomas Edison patented a tattooing device named “autographic printer”. It was used as an etching machine for hard surfaces.

The tattoo machine was invented by Samuel O’Reilly. This equipment was patented in USA in 1891. O’Reilly modified Edison’s machine by changing the tube system. He used the cam conversion of a rotary-driven electromagnetic oscillating unit to enable the machine to drive the needle. O’Reilly’s patent was in fact only for the tube assembly, as the rest of the machine was the same to Edison’s autographic printer.

These days, a tattoo machine is an electrically powered, vertically vibrating steel gadget.  It is fitted with solid needles that puncture the skin at the rate of 50 to 3,000 times a minute. The sterilized needles are fixed in the machine and dipped in ink, which is sucked up through the machine’s tube system. Subsequently, powered by a foot lever, the tattoo machine makes use of an up-and-down motion to pierce the top layer of the skin and drive insoluble, micrometer-sized particles of ink about one-eighth inch deep into the second  layer of skin.

Tattoo machines come in varied forms. Some very fancy, are sold by specialty companies, which also sell the ink, ink cups, needles and other materials used by the tattoo artist.

Typically, a beginner’s kit cost about US$200. It comprises:

-         One professional angle tattoo machine

-         One foot switch

-         One clip cord

-         One adjustable power supply

-         Two tubes, tips and grips

-         Six 1-ounce Millennium Tattoo Colors

-         Five shader needles

-         Five liner needles

-         100 ink cups

-         One ink cup holder and

-         One tube of Bacitracin

8. Styles of Tattoos

A tattoo is a reflection of your individuality and taste- hence, each one is a personal and a unique work of art. However, most tattoos can be classified under certain genres of style. These styles may be primitive or modern, but they are all artistic interpretation of an idea. Then, what is the main point of difference between tattoos?

The basic distinction in tattoos is between “flash” or stock tattoos and custom tattoos:

Flash tattoos: Eternal favorites such as drawings of anchors, hearts, skulls and dragons, as well as a tattoo artist’s custom designs, fall under the “Flash” or “Stock” category.

Custom tattoos: These are original works either designed or requested by you. Once you give him the details about your idea, the tattoo artist adapts it and works on it so as to create a tattoo that fulfills your requirements. You can even draw the tattoo yourself or get a friend to draw it.

Now that you know the basic difference between tattoos, familiarize yourself with the various styles of tattooing before going to your neighborhood tattoo parlor to get that long-awaited tattoo. Here is an overview of some of the most popular styles of tattoos:

Different Tattoo Styles:

Black and Gray

The ‘Black and Gray’ Style is recognized as the true test of caliber for any tattoo artist. This tattoo is done in shades of black and gray only. Having originated as a crude form in the prisons of America, the detailed style that we see today was developed and refined by California’s Jack Rudy and Charlie Cartwright. In this style, shading is heavy and the illusion of a 3D form is achieved without any use of color.

Traditional

The ‘Traditional’ style refers to the Western or American form of tattoo art. It is extremely detailed and stylized, though the images are not very realistic. The image is two dimensional, with thick, bold outlines. Common designs include hearts, birds, panthers, flowers and names.

Sailor

The Sailor form is a type of traditional tattoo. However, unlike in the Traditional Style, the design in this form is extremely basic- the effort is to convey the meaning of the tattoo with the bare minimum use of color and lines.

Biomechanical

A style popularized by illustrators H. R. Giger and Clive Barker, the ‘Biomechanical’ style portrays human flesh intertwined with machines.

Fine line

This is a modern style of tattooing, having developed due to better technology and an increasing variety of inks. Fine line treats the skin as being merely another type of canvas for the artist; hence, the tattoo artist’s goal is to produce an effect similar to looking at a drawing, portrait or a painting. He has to be careful about going into too intricate a detail, however, as the tattoo may get severely distorted in a span of 1-2 years. The fine line style of tattooing is characterized by delicate outlines and detailed images. Common themes include portraits, animals, and even UPC code bars.

Tribal/Flat Tattoos

The Tribal form of tattoo art covers a broad spectrum of indigenous cultures, such as the Polynesian, Micronesian or Indian. The style consists of a combination of abstract, bold, geometric designs done in black color, without the use of shading. The images may or may not signify a specific meaning. Some common designs are triangles and curving lines. However, modern interpretations have led to animals, fish, or even skulls designed in a geometric fashion.

Celtic

This is one of the hardest styles for an artist. Usually done only in black ink, Celtic designs represent people and animals from Welsh, Breton, Gaelic and Cornish folklore. Scrollwork, Celtic knots, mythological creatures and the Celtic cross and circle are included in this category.

Oriental/Yakuza

This is a Japanese style of tattooing that utilizes the entire body as a canvas, unlike the Western styles where the tattoo is made in a particular part of the body. It was created by the Yakuza, or the Japanese gangsters, as a secret symbol of rebellion against laws that forbid tattooing for the working classes. The Oriental style usually incorporates patterns and figures from eastern mythology into the designs- for example, flowers and fishes with symbolic value, dragon imagery, and a background effect of water and waves. Individuals in the traditional Japanese dress may also be a part of the images.

Religious/Spiritual

Religious tattooing has existed since the very natal stages of the art. The oldest man to be discovered, the iceman, had tattoos on the back of his knees, which are believed to hold spiritual significance. The Egyptians too gave religious symbolism to tattoos- the dead were often tattooed so they would have relevant information in their afterlife.

Scratched / Handpicked

This is a nonprofessional, crude form of tattooing; done with a single needle (often just a sewing needle or a pin) dipped in India ink, and then pricked into one’s skin. Prison tattoos falls into this category.

Abstract Art/Freeform

The Abstract form is a modern style where designs have no outlines and give the appearance of a Picasso-painting.

Evil

The Evil style is hugely popular, depicting the human fascination with mortality, death, isolation, and fear. It incorporates fine detail with heavy shading. Common designs include images of spiders, skulls, devils and demons.

Fantasy Art

This tattoo style portrays the imaginative elements – fairies, dragons, angels, armored knights and unicorns are a few examples. The tattoos involve the use of bright colors to fully and effectively convey the fantastic elements of the images.

Haida

Haida is a tattoo form indigenous to the American Indians and Eskimos. Using very few colors, the tattoos depict animals, totems and birds.

Wild Style

Akin to graffiti, the Wild Style exhibits traces of the skateboard art culture of the 1980’s.

New School

Originating in the 1980’s, this form is a combination of all tattoo styles incorporated in a single piece of work.

As the Wall Street Journal noted in 1980, “Tattooing by the ’60s was in a rut.” However, an increasing number of new styles emerged during the 1970’s, where artists combined fine art disciplines with prevailing tattoo forms. The result, according to the publication, was that “what was formerly considered a sleazy perversion…became another form of self-expression and style.”

Now that you’re aware of the various tattoo styles and have chosen one suited to your tastes, be practical while choosing the design. Keep in mind that while your tattoos are permanent, your infatuations will fade away faster. So don’t get the name of your current love on your arm; a longer lasting design or poetic lines will be a much better option!

9. Different Styles of the Alphabet both American and Foreign

“DIFFERENT STROKES FOR DIFFERENT FOLKS”

THE USE OF CALLIGRAPHY IN TATTOOING

Today, the use of calligraphic characters in body art has gained immense popularity. From   “cool dudes” to suave lawyers, Hollywood actresses to sport stars, it is a rage amongst everyone. People want to get the names of their current-flames written in Hindi or their favorite quotes in Chinese calligraphic style, or have a Japanese letter symbolizing ‘Peace’ tattooed on their bodies.

CALLIGRAPHY derives its name from the Greek words “kallos graphe”, which mean- ‘Beautiful Writing’. It is aesthetically pleasing and symbolically beautiful, hence, it isn’t surprising to see calligraphic body art on the rise worldwide. Here are a few popular languages and their calligraphic styles employed in tattooing-

THE ENGLISH ALPHABET

English finds its origins in the Latin language. Latin evolved from the Greek alphabet, and eventually developed as the present-day language under the Romans. The following are various calligraphic styles of the English language:

• ITALIC: This hand developed in Italy during the Renaissance period.. In this style, the letter strokes appear parallel and the letters are evenly spaced. The letters in the lowercase are built around the letter ‘A’ and the capitals are based on a condensed form of the letter ‘O’.
• BLACKLETTER: Also called ‘Old English’ or ‘Gothic’, this style of lettering is characterized by closely packed, angular and pointed letterforms. This is a popular form in the ‘Biker Style’ or tattooing: Bikers often get their names or letters depicting the name of the club they belong to, on their stomachs. Footballer David Beckham has his son’s name tattooed in Gothic on his lower back.
• UNCIAL: In this style, there is no difference between capital and lowercase letters. Instead, only the first letter of a line in the text is highlighted by using a capital letter. Uncial has rounded and well-spaced characters that are extremely simple to read.
• ROUNDHAND or FOUNDATIONAL: It derives its name from the fact that the letters are built around the letter ‘O’. The top portions of the letters in this style are slightly larger than the serifs at the base.

THE BEAUTY OF CHINESE LETTERS!

Chinese calligraphy dates back many epochs, and is widely practiced throughout Asia till date. The beauty of the Chinese language lies in the wide variety of delicate, restrained shades employed in its letters. This particular fact gives the language a natural aesthetic base upon which to build calligraphic art.

Styles of Chinese Calligraphy

• Formal/Regular Style: Kaishu, or Regular script, is the main calligraphic style in China. It is aesthetically extremely pleasing, and hence is popular among tattoo artists.

• Lishu/Clerical style: The term ‘lishu’ literally means ‘servitude script’-this is because clerks working in prisons originally used it. This style simplified the difficult strokes of seal character script by using a bend in the characters rather than an arc.

• Xingkai- Also called the ‘Running regular style’ or the ‘fluid style’, this beautiful and elegant script is the ‘running’ counterpart of Kaishu.

• Zhongxingshu/Semi-cursive style: The lettering in this font lies midway between running and cursive scripts.

• Shou Jin Shu/slim gold style: ‘Shou Jin Shu’ was the signature calligraphic style of Emperor Sung.

• Pictorial: It’s rooted in the original Chinese oracle scripts, and comes with a pictorial/symbolic inference to it.

JAPANESE CALLIGRAPHY

Japanese calligraphy, or shodo, is considered a form of art rather than writing. This is because of its sheer number of characters – 48000, and also because each of these characters has a special meaning by itself.

The aesthetic balance of Japanese calligraphy depends upon the following:

• Nijimi (blotted area)
• Kasure (patchy area)
• Large and small characters
• Thick and thin lines

Kanji

Kanji tattoos are a big “fad” the world over. Sure, most people wouldn’t even know what their tattoo means, but they do understand that it conveys a quiet power and a sense of spiritualism and exoticism .A style of pictorial representation, it can convey concepts such as respect, love and loyalty through its characters.

A famous tattoo bearer is NBA superstar Allen Iverson, who has a kanji tattoo on his neck.

An Important Note: Go to a reputed tattoo artist, one who knows the importance of form and shape of characters in Japanese and Chinese calligraphy.

THE HINDI ALPHABET

The Hindi language, written in the Devanagiri script, is a direct descendant of Sanskrit. It has been further influenced by many languages- Dravidian, Arabic, Portuguese and English to name a few. More than 180 million people regard Hindi as their mother tongue, while 300 million people consider it a second language. It’s no surprise then, to see the surge of interest in tattoos written in the Hindi alphabet.

Perhaps the most famous (or infamous) example of a person with a Hindi tattoo is footballer David Beckham. He has his wife Victoria’s name tattooed in Hindi on his left forearm. He is quoted as saying that he decided to use a Hindi script because he felt it would be less “tacky” than an English one. It’s infamous for the simple reason that it MISSPELLS her name- as Vihctoria!

THE ARABIC ALPHABET

The Arabic alphabet is gaining popularity among tattoo collectors worldwide, including those in the Arab countries. One reason for this is that names can be easily translated into the Arabic language. Before going for a tattoo, keep in mind that Arabic has many calligraphic styles, all with distinct artistic values.

The Arabic Scripts:

Kufi: This script’s uniqueness lies in its marked angularity and square ness of characters. The characters have low vertical lines and prominent horizontal lines.

• Naskh: This is a cursive script written with short horizontal stems. It has straight uprights, full curves and well-spaced characters.
• Thuluth: Renowned for its beautiful cursive style, Thuluth is one of the most popular of all ornamental Arabic scripts. It’s characterized by curved letters written with pointed heads.
• Riqa: Also called Ruq’ah, the script evolved from the Naskh and Thuluth scripts.. In this style, the characters are rounded and have short horizontal stems.

Now that you’re aware of the popular calligraphic styles in tattooing, a point worth noting is that calligraphy requires correct translations. You should work closely with the artist to ensure that your design conveys the intended meaning and aesthetic value- because Calligraphy, as the Webster’s Dictionary defines it, is ‘the art of fine writing’. You should give particular emphasis to the word “art”- it’s a universal form of expression for which one doesn’t require knowledge of the language in order to appreciate its beautiful calligraphy. Hence, this is the true reason for the popularity of calligraphic body art throughout the world!

10. How to Choose a Best Artist & Studio for Your Tattoo(s)?

The most important thing one can do before getting a tattoo is taking the time to find the right studio and a right artist. Many people just decide on an impulse that they want to get a tattoo, and enter the nearest studio without much thought about what they really want to get out of this whole process. Some are fortunate enough to walk away with a great tattoo, while others are left with scars instead of tattoos on their skin.

Here are few of the points you must keep in mind while getting tattoos on your body. This guideline is only to help you in making a better and informed decision, and to make sure that you get a tattoo you can be proud of for the years to come.

(1)   Don’t Rush- Take Time to decide: Getting a new tattoo can be an exhilarating time in one’s life. It may be a bit difficult for you to wait for the right opportunity to arrive once you have decided to get yourself tattooed. As they say, better things take time to happen so do not rush. Slow down and take time to decide.. If you really wish to have a great tattoo which can give you happiness then it is always better to wait and evaluate your options before deciding about the kind of tattoo(s), studio and the artist you want to opt for.

(2)   Take a Round of Several Studios: Go around and try to find out which is the best studio and artist for you. After entering in a studio observe whether it is clean, orderly and professional in look. Check out examples of the artists’ work in the studio you visit. Just stay for a while and watch if you can- getting someone tattooed. Ask the artists questions and clarify the doubts you have about the tattoos and the process followed at the studio. And monitor if artists are friendly and eager to talk to you and clarify your doubts.

(3)   Inspect the Work of Artists:  You need not necessarily to be a tattoo artist to identify the good or bad work done by various tattoo artists. By closely observing tattoo art work done you can tell which one is a good job and which one is a bad work done by the artist(s). Just by observing the pictures (portfolio) closely you will be able to identify the lines vividly. The tattoo lines should not be jumpy, uneven or wobbly and instead must be smooth and bold with colors filled in completely without any blank areas. Circles on the tattoo work should look like circles and not ovals. Go through the artist’s portfolio and tattoo work (photograph) he had done earlier. This will give you a clue of his talent, not just as a technician applying a tattoo. Inquire about how knowledgeable the artist is. How much he is aware of the latest styles, innovations and safety issues related to tattooing. What kind of training has he acquired? Does he have the relevant documents and certificates to prove it?

(4)   Listen to Your Acquaintances, Friends and Colleagues:  Your acquaintances, friends and colleagues can be a great resource to you. If they have had a good experience, they will probably recommend their artist or will let you know some other very good source where you can get your desired tattoo.

(5)   Follow the Rules: Other than the use of Universal Procedures and Laws requiring that minors be tattooed only with parental permission, Tattoo Parlors must be licensed. For getting a license tattoo artist needs to qualify by completing a health department course on infectious disease transmission.

(6)   Safety Procedures: See that the tattoo artist is following the normal safety procedures before the application of tattoo on your body. Ensure it that needles are opened in front of you only. Ask the studio artist(s) if the needles are autoclaved and other material are disposed off after single use. Also see to it that the artist wears gloves. It is essential that tattoo artist is vaccinated for Hepatitis B and other infectious diseases. So make sure that he has got it done.

11. Choosing a Tattoo Design and

Where to Apply It on Your Body?

Choosing a Tattoo Design:

So, finally you’ve decided to get a tattoo work on your body! May be you want to join the league of the people who have got great tattoo work on their bodies. Or perhaps, you want to have your distinct identity by getting a specially designed and created tattoo work on your great looking body.

But have you thought about how to get a great tattoo work done on your body? And it is a key issue for you. Isn’t it? Yes! Well, so this is an important consideration for you.  After all, your tattoo will be with you forever, and you would like it to be done in a right way, so that you can flaunt it when ever and wherever you like to.

But choosing a great tattoo design is easier said than done. Word of mouth is a good way to begin. You can start with your friends. Ask them- from where did they have had their tattoo work done. Sometime you may notice someone wearing a great tattoo in a public place. Do not be coy, compliment the owner and ask about the artist who has created this work. Alternatively, you can visit various tattoo studios and see the example of work (known as portfolio) done. Once you have selected the right artist, ask him to draw a custom design just for you, and make sure it’s just what you want before beginning your tattoo.

Where to Apply Tattoo Your Body:

So you have selected the kind of tattoo work you want to wear on your body. Now next question brewing in your mind may be where to wear it on your body? Well, it must be easily visible on your body as there is no point in hiding it if it really looks great and you want everyone around to see it! Although this is all really a matter of personal preference, there are few things that can possibly help you in making this decision.

Scared about the impending pain? Please understand that tattooing is never painless. The severity of pain depends on many factors such as- your body structure, place of tattoo on your body, your age, skillfulness of the artist etc.

Where does it hurt the most? Most painful areas for women are- ankle, ribcage and spine, while for men these areas are- chest, abdomen and spine.

And where does it hurt least? Back, buttocks and arm areas for men and thigh, shoulder, buttocks and abdomen for women folk.

While deciding about the area you want to get tattooed, keep in mind your profession. Although people from all walks of life has started accepting the tattoo work, still before putting a tattoo in a very visible area of your body, keep in mind how it will affect your profession and those around you- at home as well as in your office. Whatever you have tattooed on your body is the impression people are going to get about what kind of person you are. Although, this should not be anyone’s business, yet if you would like to project a certain image, your tattoo(s) work should give an impression of that.

But before the artist starts tattoo work, make sure he uses a sterile process.  Ask how he will prepare your skin for tattooing.  Will it be cleaned with a germicide?  If he doesn’t autoclave his needles and tubes, ask him to do so or better go somewhere else.

Be aware about the pain killers. Better avoid them altogether or if required, always consult your physician before the actual tattooing process begins. Tattoo artist are not suppose to prescribe you any pain killer as they neither have a sufficient knowledge about medicines nor they possess a license to do so. Try to avoid pain killer such as Dispirin/Aspirin and Bruffen (ibuprofen) as they may cause too much of bleeding while you are being tattooed. Certain OTC (Over the Counter) medicines such as Tylenol (acetaminophen) may be helpful in reduction of your pain. Or even better ask your family doctor to prescribe you a topical anesthetic, which you can apply half an hour before the actual tattooing process starts. And beware! Never ever take liquor just prior to getting that beautiful tattoo. It may hamper your rational thinking as well as may cause excessive bleeding while you are being tattooed.

12.  Are Tattoos Safe?

So finally you have made a decision of getting a tattoo on your own body. And you are aware what exactly you want to appear on your body. And you have also decided on which part to get it on your body. You are equally convinced that you will not feel bad about this tattoo work even after a period of 15-20 years down the line.

But you are still not clear about the safety issue. You are a bit apprehensive about tattoo work and wonder if it is really safe to get tattoo work done on your body.

Deciding to get a tattoo now-a-days should indeed raise the question of safety.   What kinds of risks are associated with it? How to eliminate or minimize those risks? And as an individual what sort of precautions should you take?

Let us explore this subject further so that you are able to make an informed decision after knowing the risk factors.
So…is tattooing Safe?
Yes if appropriate sterilization and infection control standards are

practiced by the studio and artist you have selected.

How to tell if correct procedures are being followed or not?

Look around carefully. Check if the studio is neat and clean. Does it give a professional look?

Does the studio have an autoclave? Do they follow Universal Procedures and Laws?

Are they following infection control procedures and practices all the time?

Are they using disposable needles?

What kind of disinfectant do they use? Is it approved disinfectant?

Do they discard ointments, gloves, razors and ink cups after single use and do not place the stuff back in the containers? This will help in eliminating the risk of contamination of these products.

Do they disinfectant the tattooed area after the work is over? Do they use approved veridical to kill any surface viruses and bacteria?

13. What Risks Are Involved in Tattooing?

A lot of individuals decide to undertake tattooing in its diverse shape. For some, it is an artistic choice or an initiation ritual, while some opt for permanent makeup as a time-saver or for the reason that they have physical intricacy applying temporary makeup. Some individuals go for tattooing as an add-on to reconstructive surgery, mainly of the breast or face, to replicate natural pigmentation. Some people try to conceal a part or area of body which is either deformed or affected by some disease such as vitiligo (a skin disease with smooth white patches on the body) or alopecia (hair loss) with help of tattoo art.

Whatever your rationale, you should be aware of the hazards involved in order to make an informed decision.

What is the health and other risks associated with tattooing? The following are the primary complications that can result from tattooing:

(1)       Infection: If correct sterilization procedures for needles and other equipment are not followed, it may result in infection and may help in transmission of infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B.

(2)       Allergic Reactions: Although allergic reactions to tattoo pigments rarely occur, when they take place they may be predominantly bothersome because the pigments can be tough to get rid of.

(3)       Granulomas: These are small mash of tissues that may shape around material that the body recognizes as foreign, for instance particles of tattoo pigment.

(4)       Keloid Formation: Excessive growth of scar tissue is known as keloid. If you are prone to developing keloids- you are likely to get it from a tattoo. Keloids may form any time you damage or traumatize your skin. Tattooing or micro pigmentation is a form of trauma. Keloids happen more often as a result of tattoo removal.

(5)       MRI Complications: Some people experience swelling or burning sensation in the tattooed area while undergoing MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Although this phenomenon does not last longer yet it may cause a plenty of concern to the individuals. The cause of this implication is unknown so far.

(6)       Pain Problem: Yes, the tattooing process does cause pain. And this sensation of physical discomfort may be quite irritating to you. The sensation of pain may vary as per your body structure, part of body being tattooed, skillfulness of the tattoo artist, your age and season of the year, your tolerance power for pain etc. So what to do if just thinking of pain scares you? You may try one of the massively popular temporary tattoos or henna tattoos. They offer you the style of tattoo without the pain, risk and expense associated with permanent tattoo.

(7)       Care of a New Tattoo: It is very essential that you take care of your new tattoo very well. It is very important that you look after the tattooed area appropriately during the first week or so after the pigments are injected into your body, failing which you may risk infection to your particular body part.

(8)       Tattoo Removal: In spite of progress made in laser technology, removing a tattoo is still a painstaking process, more often than not involving several treatments and substantial cost. Total removal of a tattoo without scarring may be not possible.

(9)       Adverse Reactions to Tattoo Colors:  The inks used in tattoos and permanent makeup, also known as micro pigmentation and the pigments in these inks are subject to FDA regulation as cosmetics and color additives. Another anxiety is the ever-increasing range of pigments and diluents being used in tattooing. Presently there are more than fifty different pigments and shades, and the list continues to grow. Even though a number of color additives are approved for use in cosmetics, none is permitted for injection into the skin. Using an unapproved color additive in a tattoo ink makes the ink adulterated. Many pigments used in tattoo inks are not approved for skin contact at all, some of which are industrial grade colors.

(10)  Tattoo and Subsequent Dissatisfaction: Altering tattoos or permanent makeup is not as easy as shifting your mind. The most frequent predicament that builds up with tattoos is the longing to remove them. Getting rid of tattoos and permanent makeup can be easier said than done. Proficiency levels vary far and wide among tattoo artists. Even if tattoos may be pleasing at first, they sometimes fade or if the tattooist injects the tinctures too deeply into the skin, the colors may transfer away from the original locations, ensuing in a distorted look. Another main reason of discontent is that the human body transforms over time. The fashion and styles of tattooing alter with the period. The permanent makeup that may have looked obsequious when first injected may afterward conflict with altering skin tones and facial or body shapes. Thus, the tattoo that appeared to be fashionable at first may become old-fashioned and awkward at later stage.

14. Avoiding the Health Risks

It is of paramount importance that you make yourself aware of the health risks associated with tattooing before you make a decision to get a tattoo work done on your body.

Let us examine such possible health risks which are related to tattooing.

(1)    Communicable Diseases: The transmittable diseases like Hepatitis- A & B, Tuberculosis and HIV may spread via tattooing process. Non-sterilization of tattoo equipment may lead to communicable diseases. As needles used in tattooing are not hollow like a syringe, therefore chance of HIV by tattooing is very rare.

(2)   Allergic Reactions: There are about more than fifty colors and shades of pigments used in tattooing. Some of these colors may cause allergic reaction to the parsons being tattooed. So get a patch test done for allergic reaction for that particular chemical (pigment) before you get a full-fledge tattoo done on your body.

(3)    Avoid Novice Hands: Do not allow your body to become an experiment ground. Do not let a novice person or your friend try to tattoo you! This may prove to an expensive and extremely dangerous situation. Go for an expert tattoo artist who knows how to make your body more attractive and not vice versa.

(4)   Observe Tattoo Artist Closely: It is very important that you observe the tattoo artist very closely while he is in the process of tattooing your body. See that (1) he follows safety measures, (2) he does not have cuts or sores on hands, (3) his nails have been cut short, (4) he must cover his cut or wounds with band aid or bandage, (5) he wears hand gloves, (6) he does not smoke a cigarette while his gloves are on, (7) he does not touch your eyes, ears, nose and mouth while applying the tattoo, (8) he removes the gloves and wash his hands thoroughly, (9) during the tattoo process he checks gloves frequently for small pinhole tears since ointment can in fact wear away latex, and (10) he gives proper instructions to you after tattoo session is over.

15.  Caring for a New Tattoo

So finally you have got what you desired for! Now you can flaunt your new funky and stylish tattoo in front of everybody. But do you know how to take care of a new tattoo? It is very vital that you follow the instructions given by your tattoo artist. A truly stunning tattoo can turn into a catastrophe if the appropriate aftercare is not taken.

Here is a list of precautions you can take for a new tattoo.

(1)     It is very essential that you care for your new tattoo. It will help in prevention of health related problems at later stage. Moreover, it will keep your tattoo afresh and will protect the quality of picture embedded on your body.

(2)     When tattoo is done your tattoo artist will cover your tattooed area with bandage in order to protect the wound from air-born bacteria.

(3)     Leave the bandage on for a while. Remove the bandage only after 3-4 hours of tattoo work completion.

(4)     Use an antiseptic liquid soap and tepid water to wash the tattoo. Do not use a rough or wash cloth or anything which is abrasive.

(5)     Avoid rubbing the tattooed area. Dry it gently by tapping it with gauze or a clean smooth towel.

(6)     Apply antiseptic cream on the tattooed area once you have cleaned and dried it.

(7)     Avoid long bath, swimming, and direct sunlight till the tattooed area is properly healed.

(8)     After few days of your tattoo is done you will notice peeling and a bit of scabbing of your skin. Do not panic, as it is quite normal.

(9)     You will also feel some itching as the tattooed skin starts heeling. Avoid scratching your skin. If swelling, redness or allergic reaction occurs, consult your doctor.

(10) Once your tattoo area is fully healed, always protect it from ultraviolet rays. As ultraviolet light can damage or fade a brilliantly done tattoo. So take needful precautions to prolong the beauty of your tattoo. You can use sunscreen creams (with a minimum 30SPF sun block) to save the tattooed area from the ultraviolet rays.

16. Tattoos Removal

There comes a time or stage in our lives when we start regretting some of our previous decisions. The decisions, of which we were very proud of to own or acquire an object or achievement, may turn our out to be not so wise after all. One feels change in the attitude, taste and likeness as own grow old.

May be enough time has gone by and now you regret for your tattoo- the one you acquired to express your youthfulness. The age, atmosphere and friends and your social circle has changed and you do not need that flashy tattoo any more. And you want to get rid of this.

Well, you are not the only one desiring the same. There hundreds of people who change their mind after a certain period and want their tattoo removed.

Tattoos have become part of American conventional ethnicity over the past three decades. There are about five thousand tattoo studios in USA and more than 10 million American people have acquired at least one tattoo in their lifetime. By rough estimates about 50 percent of people who get tattoos later regret them.

For years together, the people who wanted to get rid of tattooed work had little option. The existing tattoo removal techniques were insidious and very painful. It required help of surgery to get rid of a tattoo. But that’s changing with time. Now, new laser tattoo removal techniques are helping people who for a variety of reasons, no longer want a tattoo on their bodies.

Tattooing is performed by injecting colored pigment into small deep holes made in the skin, which leaves permanent marks on body. For various personal as social reasons people want to have their tattoos removed by some means.

Luckily, now-a-days, there are a number of methods for tattoo removal which have proven successful. Although, none of the tattoo removal procedure is fool-proof and in most cases some scarring or color differences may remain. The prominence of these blemishes depends upon several factors like body part tattooed and size of the tattoo, method of tattoo application, length of time tattoo remained on body, as well as the individual’s healing process.

A tattoo which is smaller in size and performed by an expert artist is easier to remove as pigment is evenly injected in the same level of skin. Longer a tattoo remains on the body harder it becomes to get rid of it.

17. Can All Tattoos Be Removed?

Yes, practically, it’s possible to remove the tattoos to some extent in the modern age.

But the majority of dermatologic surgeons warn us that total tattoo removal is still not feasible, although the medicine science has made a lot of progress in this area in the recent times.

As you may be aware, Tattoos are intended to be everlasting, so removing them is not easy. Only a few surgeons guarantee complete removal. Although are many effective methods of tattoo removal. The extent of left behind dye differences or marks relies upon numerous aspects. The factors which influence the complete removal of tattoo are- the health of the tattooed person, dimension of tattoo, site and position of tattoo on the body, the way tattoo was applied and how long it has been on the body. For an instance, a tattoo applied by a skilled tattoo artist may possibly be easier to get rid of as the dye was consistently injected in the same level of the skin. As well as the new tattoos are likely to be more tough to get rid of.

For the surgeons it is not easy to predict the precise level of tattoo removal for the reason that they more often than not are unaware of ink used for tattooing. Currently, there are more than one hundred varieties of tattoo inks available in the market. These inks are intended for the top layer of the skin only. Therefore, one is advised to consult the skin specialist before opting for the tattoo specialist or removal of the tattoo by any of the various methods available.

18.  Tattoos Removal Techniques

Methods of Tattoo Removal

There are many very good methods of tattoo removal available these days. These include:

(1)   Excision (Surgical Removal)

(2)   Salabrasion

(3)   Dermabrasion

(4)   Scarification

(5)   Camouflaging

(6)   Laser Treatment

What kind of technique you require depends upon the location and size of the tattoo on your body. It also matter how long the tattoo has been on your body.

(1) Excision (Surgical Removal):

It is a very well accepted technique to remove a tattoo. It is quite useful when the tattooed area is small. As in this method excision of tattoo is possible to a small portion of dyed area only therefore a bigger tattoo will need the process to be done in stages.   The process requires the affected part to be made numb with the help of local anesthesia so that the particular portion can be removed surgically. After the excision has been done the stitches are given to the part from tattoo has been removed.
Expurgation involves giving an injection of a local anesthetic to the

person, who needs excision to numb the part. Thereafter the tattoo is removed surgically. After surgery is done that part is given the suturing. In the cases where the tattooed area is large skin grafting method is employed. Larger tattoos may require repeated surgery for complete removal.

(2) Salabrasion:
This method is hundreds years old. In salabrasion method a local

Anesthesia application is done followed by table salt water solution is applied on the tattooed area. It is sometimes used in conjunction with dermabrasion, but has become less common.  Abrading equipment such as the one used with dermabrasion, is used to scrape the region. When the part becomes deep red in color, a dressing is applied.

(3) Dermabrasion:

Dermabrasion means removal of tattoos, moles and scars through abrading layers of skin with a diamond fraise (a type of sanding disc) or a wire brush. In this method the effected part is applied with an anesthetic solution after which the skin is peeled off with the help of a rotary abrasive instrument. In this process some bleeding occurs and requires immediate dressing to the affected part. This process itself may leave a scar.

(4) Scarification:

It involves removing the tattoo with an acid solution and creating a scar in its place.

(5) Camouflaging:

A tattoo necessitates the injection of new pigments either to form a new pattern or cover a tattoo with skin-toned pigments. However, injected pigments have a tendency not to look natural for the reason that they are deficient in the skin’s natural translucence.

(6) Laser:

This method is the latest one in the series of tattoo removal techniques. It is known as a better and a safe method since it is easy to operate via laser surgery.

In recent times, many physicians consider laser surgery one of the best methods of tattoo removal. These days, the Q-switched Ruby, Q-switched Alexandrite and the Q-switched Nd-Yag are the commonly known methods for removal of undesired tattoos. They are applied in a comparable method.

In laser tattoo removal method pulses of laser light are guided on to the tattooed area for breaking the pigmented region. More than one sitting is required for this therapy. Laser treatments can lighten many tattoos, some more easily and effectively than others. Usually, several visits are needed over a period or weeks or months, and the treatments can be costly. Some persons experience hypo pigmentation (a lightening of the natural skin coloring) in the affected region. Laser treatments also can cause some tattoo pigments to change to a less desirable shade.

Side-affects: There also have been reports of individuals suffering allergic reactions after laser treatments to remove tattoos. This may be because the laser cause allergenic (causing allergic reaction) material in the tattoo ink to be released into the body.

Conclusion:

Prior to lasers became fashionable as the tattoo removal technique in the beginning of ninth decade of last century, removal involved the use of one or more of above mentioned frequently-excruciating, often scar inducing surgeries.

Each approach has drawbacks. In spite of which technique of tattoo removal is used, some scarring or differences in the skin color are expected to remain. Curing period differs according to the extent and profundity of the tattoo, the modus operandi used and the recovery process of the person tattooed.

19.  How Do Lasers Remove Tattoos?

You must be wondering how lasers (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) help to remove the tattoos. Laser is a device which stimulates the atoms in a medium in order to increase electrical impulses and produce an intense concentrated beam of light.

Well, in other words, lasers operate by generating short pulses of intense light that pass without risk through the top layers of the skin to be absorbed by the tattoo color in a selective manner. This laser force causes the tattoo color to be broken into smaller particles that are then removed by the body’s immune system.

The laser aims the color (pigment) of the tattoo in a selective manner and without harming the adjacent skin while doing so. The researchers have concluded which wavelengths of light to use and how to bring the laser’s yield to remove tattoo ink in a best way possible.

Tattoo removal by lasers became in vogue in the late 1980s only. Prior to this other scar inducing tattoo removal techniques like dermabrasion, excision and cryosurgery were very popular.

Lasers are more popular now days because it offers a solution for tattoo removal without pain and blood strains. It is also a low risk and efficient option with minimum side effects. It requires many sittings and is done as an OPD patient basis. One may or may not need local or topical anesthesia. Laser was initially developed for industrial purposes. When researchers improvised lasers that produced wavelengths of light in short flashes called pulses, therapeutic use became feasible. These lasers can successfully get rid of tattoos with a little danger of scarring.

There are three specific lasers developed for removal of tattoos. These are Q-switched ruby, Q-switched ND: YAG and Q-switched Alexandrite. Q-switched ND: YAG is newest and advanced laser system, which can easily remove blue, black and red inked tattoos. The type of laser used to remove a tattoo depends on the tattoo’s pigment colors. Yellow and green are the hardest colors to remove while blue and black are the easiest to remove.

20. Does Tattoo Removal Hurt?

So you thought that it does not hurt while getting rid off that tattoo mark on your body? Unfortunately it does pain while you are getting that beautiful tattoo on your body as well as removing the same.

The power of the energy from the laser’s (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) forceful pulse of light also gives slight pain. While black color soaks up all laser wavelengths, it’s the easiest to remove. Other pigments, such as green, in a selective manner suck up laser light which only can be taken care of by selected lasers depending on the dye color. Pain killers with mild potency like Paracetamol (acetaminophen- a crystal compound used to reduce fever and relive pain) or Tylenol (brand name of an American made pain killer) may be taken prior to the tattoo removal process starts. One must try to avoid anti-inflammatory drugs like Voveran, Ibuprofen, Piroxicam and any of the aspirin by-products as they enhance the chance of bruising during or after the tattoo removal procedure, which may result in increased pain.

Although severity of pain and bleeding depends a lot on the physique of the tattooed person yet another way of pain reduction is by applying anesthetic cream before you sit for your laser therapy session. Apply the cream about two or at least one and half hour before the surgery begins as skin takes time to absorb cream and induce numbness at the application area. You will be required to wipe off the cream just before laser surgery commences.

Laser therapy is carried out in a staggered manner and therefore may require more than one sitting. Each sitting is of 10 minutes in duration. The number of sessions depends on the quantity and kind of ink used and how powerfully it was injected.. 18-21 days intervals between sessions are required to allow pigment residue to be absorbed by the body. In laser surgery pulses of light from the laser are guided onto the tattoo which breaks up the pigment. In next 2-3 weeks, the body’s scavenger cells remove pigment scum.

Adequate precaution needs to be taken after each of the laser therapy session is over. Some of these are:

(1)    After the laser therapy session is over the physician will apply antiseptic, antibacterial ointment and will dress up the affected area.

(2)    Keep the area clean to avoid the infection.

(3)    Do not forget to apply the ointment prescribed by the doctor who carried out your laser surgery.

(4)    Take your regular bath as usual. But be extra cautious while taking your bath. Avoid scrubbing or applying soap on the treated area.

21. TYPES OF INKS USED IN TATTOOING

So you want to get a tattoo? Well, have you decided upon the style and design you want? Will it be the boldly colored ‘New York Style’, the graffiti-like ‘Wild Style’ or the more toned down ‘Black and Gray Style’? Whichever style and design you choose, whether multi-colored or absolutely black and gray, one thing that you must focus on is the ink that will be used to make your tattoo. Surprised? Don’t be… firstly, there is a huge spectrum of colors available for you to choose from, and awareness about them can help you to get a tattoo that is more beautiful and more “your” type. Secondly, and most importantly, the inks, or dyes, used for tattooing are considered “color additives” under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act- although there are very few known instances of adverse reactions from tattoo inks, either permanent or temporary, consumers should still be aware that their safety has not yet been established. These two facts must be kept in mind before getting a tattoo made. So let’s first check out the wide range of colors available for tattoo inks.

SPECTRUM ANALYSIS

Nowadays, you can get any color(s) you want for your design. Reds, Greens, Pinks, Yellows, Grays, Blues…. the list is endless. The philosophy is- If you want it, you got it!  If your tattoo artist does not have a pre-mixed color, he will mix the colors on the spot for you.

Here is some specific, color-related information for you:

• Gold and Silver Inks: While there are some metallic inks in the market, their availability is very rare. Hence, it wouldn’t be wrong to say that there are NO gold or silver inks available. If you want a design to look metallic, tell your tattoo artist- a good artist can use other colors to give a metallic shade without actually using gold or silver ink.

• White Ink: This is a special color! Most artists use white ink only to highlight certain areas of your tattoo. Also, the visibility and retention of this ink varies greatly among individuals, depending upon the color of their skin. White ink works best on light-skinned people, while its efficacy is greatly reduced in dark-skinned or extremely fair-skinned people. Those who have very light skin should use white ink only to get designs that are very difficult to discern at first glance, for example, ankle and wrist tattoos. Dark-skinned people will not be able to get a white ink tattoo that gives a photonegative effect, as the white will be overshadowed by their natural skin color.

• Fluorescent Colors: For a brief period in 1991, tattoo artists experimented with fluorescent inks that glowed under ultraviolet light. They thought that these inks could be used to make tattoos that would be invisible in normal light and be seen only under UV light. However, it was found that the inks were visible under normal light, and in some cases even turned brown. Also, many people reported instances of skin irritation, and the use of fluorescent colors was discontinued. Hence, keep in mind that there are no phosphorescent, fluorescent, or glow-in-the-dark inks.

Now that you’re familiar with the colors, let’s see the chemistry of tattoo inks.

LABORATORY ASSISTANCE

Except for black color, using the term ‘tattoo ink’ is WRONG. Technically, tattoo inks are NOT inks- they are composed of pigments that are suspended in a carrier solution. These pigments can be metal salts, acrylics/plastics or vegetable-extracts.

Inks are available in both powdered and pre-mixed forms. Alcohol, which is used as a carrier, acts as a thinning as well as a sterilizing agent.15% alcohol in the ink is considered self-sterilizing. If the alcohol level falls below 15%, you should add more to the ink.

Here is a list of some common pigments used in tattoo inks:

• Black: Natural black pigment is made from sources such as magnetite crystals or amorphous carbon. It is commonly made into India ink.
• Red: Red pigment can be obtained from Iron oxide, cinnabar, cadmium or naphtha. Though fewer reactions have been reported with naphtha red as compared to other pigments, it should be kept in mind that ALL reds carry risks of adverse reactions.
• Yellow: Curcuma, used to make the color yellow, is derived from turmeric or curcuma. As a large quantity of the pigment is required to obtain a bright color, allergic reactions are common with the use of this ink.
  • White: White pigments can be obtained from anatase, rutile or titanium oxide. White ink obtained from titanium oxide is less reactive than that derived from anatase or rutile.
  • Blue: Blue pigments are derived from minerals such as azurite, lapis lazuli, and chromium oxides. Copper-based pigments are considered to be much safer than cobalt or ultramarine pigments.

An Important Note: While most inks are considered non-toxic, reactions can vary among individuals. Scarring, allergic reactions, phototoxic reactions (i.e., reaction from exposure to light, especially sunlight), and other adverse effects are possible with certain colors. Red ink causes the highest percentage of allergic reactions. Plastic-based pigments may be brightly colored, but they too are known to have caused adverse effects in many people. Hence, as famous tattoo artist Uncle Bud Yates, of Pikes Peak Tattooing says, it is best to consult with your tattoo artist first, before deciding on the colors to be used.

Finally, we come to the classification of some brands of ink available in the market, according to their quality.

INFORMATION CLASSIFIED!

• ‘Stay Glow Brand’ ink, manufactured by ‘Spaulding and Rogers’ – Poor quality
• ‘Unique Ink’, manufactured by ‘Phil Fairweather’ – Good quality
• ‘Star Bright’, manufactured by ‘Dermagraphics’, is one of the Best quality ink available in the market
• ‘Talen drawing ink’, manufactured by ‘Talen’- Best quality
• ‘Irezumi pigment inks’, manufactured by ‘Clearco’, is also extremely good quality ink.
• ‘Mickey Sharpz colors’ are also inks of excellent quality.

Now that you know the nuances of the various types of tattoo inks, including their range of colors, chemical makeup, possible allergic reactions, and the brands available in the market, it would be easy for you to get a tattoo done; and more importantly, to get it done safely!

22. How Much Does It Cost to Remove a Tattoo?

As with everything else one must know how much does it cost to remove a tattoo. It is no surprise that the tattoo removal cost is far more than what one pays while acquiring it.

The factors which influences the tattoo removal cost is the size of tattoo, type of pigment used and time lapsed since the tattoo was put on the body. The cost may vary from several hundred dollars up into the thousands of dollars. And that is a substantial amount considering that the tattooing cost is just half of it. More one is not allowed to claim for medical insurance since tattooing is considered artistic or decorative in nature. Although one may claim for medical insurance when one had acquired the tattoo as outfall of accidents or injuries. Such tattoos are known as traumatic tattoos.

For the reason that this is a medical process, make sure to see a dermatologic surgeon who specializes in tattoo removal technique. Before you agree and sign on, make sure that the individual doing the removal is a medical doctor who specializes in laser surgery. Tattoo removal process like tattoo application, bears with it the danger of infection and must be handled with extra care.

If you happen to be a young person trying to get away from gang life and you do not have enough money to get those revealing tattoos removed, your tattoo does not have to be everlastingly. Some charitable health centers, hospitals and local governments and civic groups around the country offer free tattoo removal to give teens like you a new opportunity to live your life afresh.

23. Tattoo Myths and Lies

(1) Tattoo is an Art:

It is true to certain extent only. In fact it depends on how lucky you are to find a tattooist who is proficient enough with a pencil as well as a tattooing machine.   Remember that, some tattoos are good art, poorly done and some tattoos are bad art, done well.

(2) Tattoos are approved by the society:

Although the situation is lot better than what it was 10-15 years ago yet there are majority of people who believe tattoo is nothing but waste of your money and time. You end up spoiling your body for rest of your life. A section of society still thinks that tattooing is associated with rebels and gangs who do not follow society norms and are considered outlawed.

(3) Every tattoo artist does not have a creative talent:

Yes, it is true. It is not necessary that every tattoo artist does have the artistic talent. So choose your artist very carefully, assessing all the pros and cons before settling for the one you can rely upon.

(4) A tattoo will change your life:

It is not true. It could have been easy only if your self image would have been as thin as your skin.   Do not put the high hopes on your decision to get tattooed.   You need to be very cautious as once put on a tattoo is a permanent feature. Therefore, choose your design, location, and art sensibly.

(5) Portfolio is a great way of judging an artist’s ability:

This can hardly be the best way to judge the ability of an artist. Better see the live examples of the tattoos done by the studio artist. Volunteer to see some of tattoos depicted on the people. Ask them the questions like how they feel about whole process, their satisfaction level for designs depicted on their bodies etc. Photographs are the second best option of learning about an artist’s capabilities, as photos do not give an exact idea of artist’s abilities.

(6) Anyone who is artistic can tattoo:

Do not allow anyone who does not know about tattooing play with your skin. It can be very dangerous. Anyone who is artistic does not mean that he can have very good tattooing techniques too. The ability to draw neat designs does not make a tattooist.  Devoid of the proper equipment, technical knowledge and mechanical skill, that pretty paper design can turn into anything from mush to scar tissue in a couple of months.

(7) A good tattoo artist can do any kind of tattoo:

It is not true.  While most professionals are competent of a multiplicity of styles, they more often than not have an area of expertise, a unique style of tattooing they have developed and are very good at.  That artist who’s known for his fantastic ethnic work may not be very good while portraying a favorite celebrity you been thinking of putting on your body.   Go for an artist who can depict your desired tattoo the way you want it.

(8) There is no harm in getting cheap tattoos:

Please understand that serious and quality tattoos do not come cheap. Opt for only quality tattoos and able artist. No fun here since a tattoo will be on your body for rest of your life. Get only great looking designs on your body which can be proud of even a later stage of your life.

(9) Certificates vouch that it is a great tattoo shop:

It is not essential to be true and it can hardly be a good proof of their efficiency. Most of the certificates claiming professional status by tattoo studios are simply wallpaper giveaways from supply companies which carry no credibility at all. Except that there are few tattoo parlors which are authorized to display their APT certificate as a testimony of affiliation with a professional body or organization which cares for safe and sterilized tattooing processes.

(10) Larger tattoo designs mean more money for tattoo artist:

It is nothing but a myth. Most of the well-known qualified artists can earn more money by depicting a lot of small, simple pieces than a few large difficult tattoos.

(11) Apply a lot of ointment:

A wet tattoo delays healing process. But it should not be dry either. A dry skin starts cracking up and gives a tendency of scratching. So keep the tattoo moist with a little application of antiseptic ointment.

(12) Autoclaving is not that essential:

Utterly untrue. The only the best way to ensure the sterilization of equipment is via autoclave. Dry heat units, bleaching, boiling water or spirit does not help to minimize the risk of infection.

(13) Scratching is okay with your tattoos:

Always care for your new tattoo. Avoid scratching it since you may spoil the color or design altogether.

(14) Water may spoil your new tattoo:

Yes, you must not immerse your new tattoo in water. Gentle hand washing is alright as helps to remove the dirt and bacteria from the healing tattoo. Prior to taking bath apply a little extra layer of ointment to the tattoo. After the bath is over wipe off the excess ointment with blotter paper from your skin.

(15) Tattooing process is too painful:

Not true. Degree of pain varies according to age of the person, tattoo location, process involved and the size of the tattoo. Some areas on our body are more delicate than others.

(16) Everybody must wear a tattoo:

It is not necessary to get a tattoo to live a happy and fulfilled life. Majority of people are happy with the skin tone they are born with. Therefore, tattoo is more like a personal choice.

(17) It is a good idea getting your tattoo redone:

No it is not a good idea at all. There is less chance of that strained and blotched tattoo getting any better in the second attempt and instead you risk a chance of spoiling it further.

24. Tattoos, Body Piercing & All Other

Forms of Body Modification Art

In the recent times, the popularity of cosmetic surgery is on rise and the focus mainly is on bodily appearance in Western societies.

Cosmetic surgery covers several types of body alterations from something as ordinary as breast implants to alterations as radical as tongue forking (splitting the tongue) and castration (removal of the male glands).  It is always going to be founded on each individual’s opinion of what they consider their perfect physical look.

Every society and person have their own observations of what is considered  desirable, as far as physical beauty is concerned, and many people will go to great lengths to change their appearance to reflect that perception of ideal physical beauty.

A number of individuals make from time to time radical changes to their look to be traditional to what they think to be the perfect good looks in their own culture or society.  Breast enlargement, nose modifications, eye and face lifts and collagen (insoluble fibrous protein) treatments, are many of the most accepted options, and are more often than not done as purely cosmetic procedures. While there are others that modify their look in an effort to go against what is believed the societal custom, and decide to modify their bodies (by piercing of ear, eyebrow and nose and tattooing their body) in an attempt to use their appearance to have an impact on people.

The inspirations behind getting one’s body tattooed entails celebrity, creative look, clout, and revolt all essential ingredients of what has been ascribed to as the hip-hop culture. Tattooing is one of the means of fulfilling a deeper emptiness for youngsters devoid of a strong sense of individual identity.

Honestly, as species we human beings have always looked for ways to improve our bodies, through surgery, beautification, or other treatment. This is limited neither to present generation nor to the western half of the globe.

25. Famous Celebrities with Tattoos

“STAR SIGNS”

A CLOSE LOOK AT CELEBRITY TATTOOS

STARS WITH STRIPES!

Here are some of your favorite screen stars who are proud owners of tattoos-

• Drew Barrymore: This actress is one huge art collector- on her body, that is! Her tattoo collection includes angels and moons, and starts from her lower back and goes right down to her toe! On her back, she has a picture of three angels holding a cross with her mother’s name ‘Jaid’ written on it, just below her navel there is a butterfly, and on her stomach she sports a floral design. But that’s not all- Drew also has a cross with a vine around it on her right ankle, and a moon on the tip of her big toe!
• Sarah Michelle Geller: The ‘Vampire Slayer’ and better half of movie star Freddie Prinze Jr. sports three tattoos on her body- on her lower back, she has a Chinese symbol for integrity, on her left hip a Celtic symbol, and on her right ankle, she has a tattoo of a heart with a dagger above it.
• Angelina Jolie: ‘Tomb Raider’ and Ex- Mrs. Billy B. Thornton, Angelina Jolie has a bunch of tattoos all over her body, including the famous ‘Billy Bob’ tattoo. The thing is, now that she has broken up with her hubby, this tattoo is nothing more than a source of pain for her!

SEX, DRUGS, ROCK ‘N’ ROLL, AND…TATTOOS!

Influential rock stars like the Rolling Stones first flaunted tattoos in the 1970’s. Time magazine was among the earliest publications to note this trend, when tattoos on singer Janis Joplin and members of the Rolling Stones were drawing massive public attention. Today, tattoos are an important part of a music star’s  “look”. Some musicians who sport tattoos are-

• DIXIE CHICKS: All three members of this band sport chick footprints on one foot to mark certain career milestones.
• Kelly Osbourne: Punk girl originale, Kelly adorns a small tattoo of a heart. We hear that Papa Ozzy wasn’t impressed with her ‘arty’ inclinations; he apparently forgot that he has got a ton of tattoos himself!
• Victoria Beckham: The Former Spice Girl has four stars on her back – one for each of her family members.

ETCHED FAME- BEAUTIFUL WOMEN AND THEIR TATTOOS

According to a 2002 survey, 37% of the top 100 sexiest women in the world have tattoos. Here are some professional models who sport tattoos-

• Pamela Anderson- She has a barbed wire armband, a tribal tattoo on her lower back, and the word  “Mommy” on her finger (it used to say Tommy before her breakup with husband Tommy Lee!).
• Naomi CAMPBELL- British supermodel Naomi has the letters “FB” tattooed on her arm.
• BARBIE- Yes! She too sports tattoos! She had one of a butterfly on her stomach, along with several temporary floral designs.

PROFESSIONAL ATHLETES

Professional athletes played a big role in the mainstreaming of tattoos.

• NBA Players: A 1997 survey reported that 35.1% of all NBA players had tattoos. Allen Iverson, the Philadelphia basketball star, has tattoos on all parts of his body.
• David Beckham- He has the names of his two sons etched across his back, his wife Victoria’s name tattooed in Hindi, and the Roman numeral VII in the underside of his right arm.

SCIENTISTS

Thomas A. Edison- He had five dots on left forearm, in a dice-like design.

LAST, THOUGH NOT THE LEAST-POLITICIANS AND THEIR TATTOOS

Winston Churchill: The British Prime Minister had a tattoo of an anchor on his arm.

Franklin D.. Roosevelt: He had a tattoo of a family crest in an unknown location.

26.  Temporary Tattoos

You must have been wondering if there is a temporary tattoo know-how that appears permanent and endures longer than henna, but can be removed fairly easily. But unfortunately so far it has not been possible to create temporary tattoos which look and feel like permanent tattoo. The very nature of temporary tattoos limits their lifetime to a month or so.

What is difference between a permanent and a temporary tattoo?

The difference between permanent and temporary tattoos is that permanent (real) tattoo are created by placing ink in the lower layer of the skin, known as the dermis.  Because the dermis does not replenish itself as the outer layer of skin (the epidermis) does, ink positioned there remains there. Temporary tattoos, on the other hand, involve coloring, painting, overlaying or dyeing the epidermis.  So the life of those temporary tattoos is limited by the lifetime of the skin cells that are so treated.  The epidermal cells are constantly replaced.  New cells grow in the lower part of the epidermis, replacing old ones.

Normal skin cells typically last about a month or so before they are sloughed off. The rate of shedding dead skin cells can vary with the part of the body, a person’s physical condition, injuries and other factors.  In view of the fact that you skin is repetitively being destroyed and replaced, the life span of that skin becomes the limit for the existence of any temporary marking.  Even though henna or even permanent coloring lasts for an indefinite period the cells that have been colored go away from the body, taking the non-natural skin coloring with them.

Henna is an everlasting pigment, one that is sometimes used in hair coloring, but it disappears as skin cells slough off. Henna tattoos can last much longer depending on what combination you use. If you want something that lasts longer you would have to put pigment in a lower layer of skin, which is just what permanent tattoos do.

Why temporary tattoos?

There are many reasons why you should go for a temporary tattoo instead of a permanent one. Few of these are:

(1) Temporary Tattoos are stylish and trendy.

(2) They are highly regarded, help to articulate your personality, and will surely get you noticed.

(3) Temporary Tattoos are harmless.

(4) They are uncomplicated and easy to apply.

(5) Temporary Tattoos come off with spirit (alcohol) or baby oil.

(6) They make you feel good. You can put on and change temporary tattoos just like jewelry.

(7) Celebrities and models use temporary tattoos to compliment their outfit or mood.

(8) Permanent Tattoos lose color and become dull over the years.

(9) Permanent Tattoos can only be removed by laser surgery. Tattoo removal process often leaves an unattractive mark. Temporary tattoos do not leave any scar while removing.

(10) Temporary tattoos, such as those applied to the skin with a moistened wad of cotton, fade several days after application.

(11) Most temporary tattoos contain color additives approved for cosmetic use on the skin.

(12) But keep it your mind that the temporary tattoos subject to the import alert are not allowed into the United States because they don’t carry the FDA (Food and Drug Administration- US Government agency which regulates the production of food drugs and cosmetics and protects the consumer from unsafe products) mandated ingredient labels or they contain colors not allowed by FDA for use in cosmetics applied to the skin.

27. Tattoos: FAQ

Some of the Frequently Asked Questions and Their Answers

Does tattooing hurt?
Everyone has varied sensitivity and tolerance towards pain. In fact it is really relative and it does hurt but not severe enough to deter someone from getting tattooed. Most of the people who get tattooed believe that the beauty and pride associated with wearing tattoos far offsets the pain incurred.

Are Tattoos Really Safe?

Yes, as long as your artist follows the recommended safety precautions. Make sure that he follows a proper safety checklist prior and after tattooing on your body.

Can I use some kind of numbing cream?

This sort of products hardly helps and thus not recommended.

Is it alright to get a tattoo if I’m sick?

No way should you allow yourself getting a tattoo done if you are sick. It is not a good idea as your immunity system will not be functioning at the optimum level in such a scenario. So get your tattoo only when you are 100% fit.

What is the best time of year to get a tattoo?

Winter is the best time to get a tattoo, although one can get a tattoo any time of the year.

Is it alright to lie out in the sun or go to the tanning bed when you have tattoos?

You should try to avoid the sun rays during summer time as it may ruin the beauty of your tattoo(s).

One of my close friends just bought a tattoo kit and wants to practice on me. Should I let him to do a tattoo?

Only if you want to put yours and your friend’s life in jeopardy by doing silly things like this without having a proper training.

What is the first step in getting a tattoo?

Getting a tattoo is matter of personal choice.  You can get whatever you fancy, and whatever your artist is prepared to do. You can choose a tattoo off the wall, or you can have them create a custom piece just for you. Your only limit is your own imagination.

Where to get the first tattoo on my body?

As far as where you should get it goes, just keep in mind what you do for work and the type of social circles you are in. You might want to consider placing your tattoo where it can be easily covered up with normal clothing.

How much does tattooing cost?
Like everything else in this world, you get what you pay for. There are plenty of people tattooing out there that will tattoo you cheap. But later you may need an expert artist to have it covered up. Remember you can not buy almond for the price of peanut. Therefore, look for quality, and be willing to pay for it.

28. TESTIMONIALS OF TATTOO COLLECTORS

So you’ve just turned 18 and have decided to go to the nearest tattoo studio for your very first tattoo. Scared? Nervous? Well, here are the experiences of a few people who went for a tattoo and came out with FLYING colors! Read them to gain strength before you get your first tattoo.

A DOUBLY BEAUTIFUL EXPERIENCE

“I was about to get my first tattoo and I was scared out of my wits. My boyfriend finally found time to do it- he made a little sketch of the moon and some stars on my hand and I thought, ‘Well, that wasn’t so bad…let’s go ahead and do another one!’ I chose to have a bracelet of roses around my left wrist, this time. It hurt slightly more than the first one, especially when he started filling in the color. After five hours, when I saw the result, I had forgotten all about the pain. It was well worth it and I would do it again.”

-Mary T., Indiana

TATTOOS ALL THE WAY

“I got my first tattoo 30 years ago by an artist in Maryland. I got my latest tattoo a week ago in Los Angeles. I’ve had varied tattoo experiences over the years. The tattoo machines are much better today, the tattoo needles nowadays are made just for tattooing, and the colors are the best you can get. Getting tattooed is a great thing now – not scary like it used to be. Thanks for listening”

-Jonathan, Los Angeles

EXPRESSING MYSELF

“I love tattoos- I have 6 of them now. The experiences I have had have been great- you just need to find the right artist. Good luck on your venture down this avenue of life. It’s a wild one.”

-Ginger, New York City

THE FEAR FACTOR

“FEAR!!! That’s the only word that came to mind when I was thinking about getting a tattoo. The day of my appointment I was a nervous wreck and this feeling continued up until the first lines were drawn on my stomach. I’m not gonna lie and tell you it doesn’t hurt because it definitely does. My suggestion is that you take along a bunch of friends like I did to provide support so you don’t get too scared and change your mind.”

-Alexis, Sacramento

A SWEET AND SOUR EXPERIENCE

“My first tattoo was a disaster- I had an allergic reaction. When the bumps went away, so did some color, giving the tattoo a weird look. However, the second tattoo I got done to cover up the earlier one was incredible! I am incredibly happy with my Celtic cross and I’m thinking about going back for another tattoo.”

-Anita S., Ohio

A DESIRE FINALLY FULFILLED

“Well, 3 days back I got my first tattoo…a tribal armband that I’d wanted for more than 2 years now. The best way to describe the feeling of getting a tattoo is that it’s like someone snapping a rubber band against your skin. I’m very happy with my tattoo. It is definitely worth the little pain and is healing nicely.”

-Patrick Sweeney, Pennsylvania

SOUL ‘N’ TATTOO MATES

“This Christmas, my boyfriend and I decided to get matching tattoos. We got ‘devotion’ in Kanji. It was a wonderful experience. Now we both have a permanent mark representing our love. However, I wouldn’t recommend this to anyone unless you are serious about each other.”

-Tanya, Florida

TATTOO LOVE

“I had always wanted a tattoo as a teenager. My first tattoo was an angel, which I got on my thigh. I just decided to go one night to get it done. I knew I had to go by myself or else someone would talk me out of it! My second tattoo is a cherry on my backbone. I can’t imagine now not being tattooed!”

-Kayla, Maine

THIRD TIME LUCKY

“I finally got my first tattoo. It’s on my ankle – a little butterfly. The first time I used Neosporin, it caused an allergic reaction and a lot of the color came out. The guy re-did it for free, and it looked a lot better. Then, by the second day the black outline spread out. So, after it healed I went back and he tried some better ink, and I used A&D ointment on it. My tattoo looks great now. I’m glad I didn’t give up over a couple of bad experiences.”

-Monica Turner, New Jersey

50 YEARS YOUNG!

“As soon as I turned 50, I bought a 1999 Mustang and got my first tattoo!!! I got my second tattoo on the back the next year. The same spring, I went to Australia and you guessed it – I got my third tattoo on my ankle. I am now ready for my fourth tattoo too!”

-Rebecca, Georgia

THE PAIN IS WORTH IT

“I looked all over the Internet and searched different magazines until I found a tribal tattoo that really caught my eye. I decided to get it on my shoulder blade. I’m not going to lie- it hurt like hell. But I’m glad I did it and wouldn’t swap it for anything.”

-Ross C., Georgia

DO YOUR HOMEWORK WELL

“Ever since I discovered that I have a family Coat of Arms, I have wanted it tattooed on my body. Before I knew it, I had gone to a tattoo parlor. As the artist began the outline, I felt a sudden wave of relief come over me. It wasn’t as bad as I thought it was going to be. Since then, I have added 4 more tattoos to my collection. I plan to have more done too. If there is one point in this testimonial, it is to check out the shop beforehand- ask questions, see sterilization equipment and make sure you feel comfortable in that environment.”

-Jim, Nevada

THE DRAGON INSIDE ME

A year ago I decided that I would get a tattoo. I wanted one of a dragon almost immediately; to me they symbolize everything I would like to be: fierce, independent and resourceful. On my 18th birthday, I finally found a wise but fierce looking dragon- it would my birthday present to myself! It took a few tries to get the tattoo transferred on my back correctly but when it did, looked wonderful.

-Jane Hall, New Hampshire

THE BIG QUESTION

I am always asked the same question- “Did it hurt?” Well, when a needle is stuck in your skin, it sure hurts. For a few bucks and a few minutes of pain however, you get a work of art that will last forever. So focus on the ultimate picture (pun intended) rather than the pain at present.

-Jared H., New York

I AM ADDICTED TO TATTOOS

“My first tattoo was of a tribal rose on my back. The second, which I got done after a few months, was a tribal armband. Then, on a holiday in the Netherlands, I came across a nice tattoo shop- well; I got another tribal tattoo on my right bum! I now have 8 tattoos in all…with more yet to come! Tattooing sure is a great addiction!”

-Susan, Arizona

A DREAM FINALLY TURNED INTO REALITY

I first decided I wanted a tattoo when I was 16 years old. However, I never got down to it. Time passed, I got married and had kids, but never stopped thinking about getting a real tattoo. Finally, I took the plunge aged 48! I had long ago thought out my design, just seven small stars on the back. The funniest part of the whole experience was watching people walk in the door and see this middle-aged lady, obviously someone’s mom, getting tattooed. I was almost hysterical! The sweetest words I’ve ever heard came from the tattoo artist as he finished the tattoo-”Now you’re one of us,” he said. I’d waited a long time for this moment!

-June, Washington D.C.

FEAR HELD ME BACK

Though I’d wanted one for 5 years, I never got a tattoo before- I was really scared about the pain it would cause. Some time back, my cousin got one done and told me it was merely an irritating sort of pain. I finally made up my mind to get a tattoo. I decided to get butterflies on my left shoulder blade.. The overall size of my masterpiece is 3 1/2″ around and I love it!

-Sandra, Los Angeles

MY EIGHTEENTH BIRTHDAY GIFT

I will never forget the day I got my first tattoo. It was a gift for my eighteenth birthday. I was nervous at first, but the artist was really friendly and put my mind at ease. I had heard horror stories about how much it would hurt. But it wasn’t painful at all, and my tattoo was really beautiful. My advice for anyone thinking of getting a tattoo makes sure you have an artist whom you can feel comfortable with and communicate openly.

-Michelle, New Orleans

TATTOOS GALLORE

My first tattoo happened on August 20; 2000- it was a little spider under my right ear. I now have 26 and am working towards more. I would like to say to the beginner, yes it hurts, but it’s worth the pain.

-Tom Hailey, Berkeley

A DRAGON ON MY BACK

I was planning my own tat for about two years before I got it- I was designing it myself and I wanted no flaws. Finally, when I turned eighteen, I went to the tattoo parlor near my home and showed them the design. It took two people to get my drawing onto the transfer exactly and to make sure no details were lost. By the time it was done, 3 hours later, the design looked amazing. Yes, it was worth it, and no, it wasn’t intolerably painful. So don’t ever let the fear of pain keep you from getting a tattoo!

-Anne S., Columbus, Ohio

MUSIC FOR LIFE

“I decided last year to get the logo for the band Full Devil Jacket on my right shoulder. Their music was important for me as a means of escape. I got the tattoo a few weeks ago, and I love it.”

- Jason A. Walker, Texas

MY FIRST TATTOO

I’d always wanted a tattoo of a dragonfly. I got it done last year. It is simply breathtaking. For all those who are thinking about getting a tattoo, I have some advice. First, make sure you REALLY want it! Second, make sure you choose carefully. Third, make sure you go to an extremely clean and reputable artist! Good Luck!! I hope my story helped you out some.

-Anna Thomas, Minnesota

BEAUTIFUL, BEAUTIFUL TATTOOS

After months of agonizing over whether or not to take the plunge, I decided to get a tattoo. Lucy Van Pelt, from the Peanuts cartoon, had been an idol of mine since childhood. I found the perfect pose for her online… standing proudly, with her arms behind her back. So I decided to get it done on my right shoulder.

I can’t remember the last time my heart raced so fast! When the needle finally hit my skin, I was amazed at how little it really hurt. “Is that the worst it gets?” I still can’t believe I actually went through with it. I am so glad I did. I am so pleased; I think I’d like to get another…and another…

-Rhea, Washington

TRIPLE ‘X’ TATTOO

“During my first year at college I began to ponder over the idea of getting a tattoo. The first reason I started thinking about this was because of a choice I’d made- to live a straight edge lifestyle (living without drugs, tobacco, poison, etc). The letter X represents this lifestyle.

Finally in April I went and had it done. The tattoo is 3 X’s on my upper arm. I decided to get my next tattoo a few months ago- it’s a larger piece than my first one- the liberty bell on my back below my neck. As you can see, the first one is the hardest to bring yourself to get. After that, you’ll surely be hooked on to the wonderful art of tattooing. It’s a great way to show creativity and individuality.”

-Jimmy, New York

MY PASSAGE INTO ADULTHOOD

“I had my first tattoo when I was 20 years old as a testament to the fact that I was no longer a teenager! It was a red and black Yin Yang surrounded by a sun.. The tattoo is on my right shoulder. I had chose this because my sign is represented by the sun (I’m a Leo) and I love the Chinese culture. I was slightly nervous to begin with, but I can honestly say that the pain was nothing!

I have just had another one on the bottom of my back. I went to the same artist, and handed him my design. It was of 2 dragons. 1 male, 1 female and in the middle of them was a lotus blossom. Both of my tattoos mean something to me. Remember, you should always think about what you want. Just don’t have one done on the spur of the moment because you think it is cool.”

-Suzanne L., Denver

A STAR’S TRYST WITH TATTOOS

“I think that on the court, if I didn’t have as many tattoos as I do, people would look at me as—not being soft—but people would look at me as average. When they see me come in with my tattoos and the big name that I’ve got, before you even play a game, it’s like ‘Whoa! This guy, he might be for real.’ ”

-         John Allen, Mr. Pennsylvania Basketball Prep Star, 2001

” Tell them (critics) to read my body. I wear my story every day, man.”

- NBA Star Allen Iverson, in an interview with Playboy magazine

“That’s my last tattoo (an Italian flag to honor his ancestry). No more. I don’t want to scare my kids or affect things in the business world by having all kinds of crazy stuff on me”

-Detroit Lions fullback Brock Olivo

IN MEMORIUM

On the morning of July 8th, 1999, a passing car killed my beloved cat Kaya. It was the worst moment of my life.  Some time later it struck me: what better memorial of the most wonderful cat than a tattoo? So in January, I got a tattoo on my ankle- a cat with a bushy tail. Wherever I go, that love goes with me, both inside my heart and forever inked into my skin.

-Gwen, New Jersey

OVERCOMING MY FEAR OF NEEDLES

My granddad died twelve years ago and I never got over it, so I decided to have “In memory of Ron” tattooed on my lower forearm. Not so big a deal, but I have a needle phobia.

However, it wasn’t too bad. So, I went back a few months later and had my wife’s name on my other forearm. I again went back a few months later and had the kids added under the wife – this time around I was much more relaxed. I’m definitely going back for more.

-Dave, London

MY FIRST TATTOOING EXPERIENCE

I always thought a tattoo parlor was some dingy, horrible place. Boy was I wrong. The place I went to was clean and looked like a doctor’s office. I decided to have a tribal tattoo done.. The artist drew the design on my upper back- I won’t lie, it’s like being stung with a million bees in one spot. But after the outline it started to feel ok. I plan to go back again after a few months!

- Sean, Texas

MY 9/11 EXPERIENCE

“September 11th was a defining moment for me. A guy recommended a reputable studio. I looked at designs on a site and decided finally that I wanted a tribal armband. I have found the whole experience liberating and I am very happy that I have done something that I wanted for a long time.

-Michael, Cleveland

AN EASY JOB, TATTOOING!

“Two weeks after I turned 18, I went directly to the tattoo parlor! OK, so it’s been a year since the last tattoo, and please trust me when I tell you after the first one you want more! Yesterday I got my second.

I would suggest to anyone having a tattoo to keep something to squeeze, it truly helps. Also, over-estimate the pain so it’s not as bad.”

-Melanie, Austin

TATTOO OF THE PHOENIX

“I wanted to get a tattoo of the Phoenix. I found the right tattoo parlor, showed the artist my design, and then, prepared myself for the pain. However, the pain was no more than a burning scratch. It has now been two weeks and the tattoo has healed up great.”

-Steven Mayo

MY SCOTTISH TALE

In my final year of high school, I went to Scotland. I could not wait to go- I’d get a tattoo. I already had a tribal tattoo of a sun in mind.

The artist drew it on my right shoulder and started. I winced at first, but a few seconds later we were joking together. Every tattoo should tell a story and mine is I got it in Scotland. Beat that.

-Timothy A., Oregan

TATTOO WITH MUSIC!

“I don’t know how I drove myself to the tattoo parlor without any moral support. I was nervous then for the first time. I told the artist I wanted two music notes, a quarter note and an eighth note, and a treble clef.

When he started, I was totally amazed. I couldn’t believe that I had spent so many years afraid of that slight pain. The whole process took 45 minutes .I do not regret it for a minute, and maybe I will even talk my sister into getting one!

-Julie S., Florida

THE 3 TATTOOS GIRL

“I have wanted to get a tattoo ever since I was at school. So for the moment here I am rocking out with my three new tattoos. I haven’t got a bad word to say about the experience so if you’ve been contemplating it for a while – go for it!”

- Joanne, Los Angeles

BEAUTIFUL ART

I’m 31 years old, and I got my first tattoo 2 days ago. WOW! It was worth it, even worth the tears.  So even after the pain and tears, and the years it took me to find the courage, I did it- and I would do it again.

- Janie, Seattle

EVERLASTING WORK OF ART

“The drawing I’d chosen for my tattoo is a hand reaching out of the center of a lotus, with somewhat of a sunburst in the background. I wanted it done in all black work, and in upper/center part of my back. It turned out amazing! I am definitely hooked for life, tattoos are beautiful and a great form of expression.”

- Joey, Chicago

TATTOOS AS A SYMBOL OF FREEDOM

I desired a bold symbol of my nature and my strong love for body modification. So I decided to get a tattoo.

I’m not going to lie and pretend I’m brave. The process was highly painful. But as the needle dug its way into my skin, creating my perfect design, I sort of felt cleansed. I had an amazing feeling of a weight being lifted from my shoulders. I was being set free through the pain; it was an incredible release for me.

- Michelle, Arizona

“ I’d wanted to get a tattoo for a long time now…almost 10 years! I’m 25 now, and I finally got my tatt00 last week! It’s a tiny red heart – on my right hip. Sure, it did pain, a LOT! I literally broke my boyfriend’s hand in the hour and a half it took to get the tattoo done! But the end result was amazing. The pain was definitely worth it. To all those couples out there, I would really recommend getting a tattoo done on your backside. It looks beautiful, and your better half will love it!”

-         Lori A., California

“ Whenever my cousin came over, I’d look and her and want to be ‘cool’ like her. She had 6 tatts all over her body and had her lips and eyebrows pierced as well. But my mom didn’t want me to get any tattoos at all, because she said I was too young (Tell me, is fifteen too young??). Anyways, I made up my mind to get one without telling mom. So I checked out some tattoo parlors near my place, and finally decided on one called “Hoolio’s”. It was neat and the atmosphere was very friendly. I went the next morning without telling anyone where I was going. Sure, I was a bit nervous, but I kept reminding myself that by the end of a couple of hours, I’d have tattoo. I’d decided to get the name of my parents and ‘God’ written on my chest, right above my heart! So in I went, and a short hour and a half later, I had a special place for the most important people in my life, and they would stay there with me forever.”

-         Andrea, New York City

“Hey tattoo enthusiasts! Lemme tell you guys a bit about my tattoo experience. I hope it will help you when you go for yours. I got my first tattoo done recently while on a holiday to Florida. It is a picture of my wife, along with her name, done on my right hip.  I was a bit apprehensive about the pain, because I usually cannot tolerate pain well. Also, I teach in a school where a tattoo wouldn’t be allowed. But I finally made up my mind to get the tattoo done. And I got it done on my hip because, well, that was the most secret place I could think of! The amazing part about the tattoo is that it didn’t hurt as much as I thought it would-it felt just like a little sting, that’s all. I love my tattoo, my wife loves it too, and now I plan to get more tattoos done!”

- Ricky Bojorquez, Australia